1 00:00:10,430 --> 00:00:08,600 hello everybody and welcome to today's 2 00:00:12,169 --> 00:00:10,440 Hubble hang out my name is Tony Darnell 3 00:00:14,660 --> 00:00:12,179 I work at the Space Telescope Science 4 00:00:16,129 --> 00:00:14,670 Institute and it is great we have a 5 00:00:17,240 --> 00:00:16,139 really interesting hangout planned I 6 00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:17,250 think we're going to be talking about 7 00:00:21,560 --> 00:00:18,930 the history of the Hubble Space 8 00:00:23,420 --> 00:00:21,570 Telescope now before I introduce my 9 00:00:24,890 --> 00:00:23,430 guests so I just want to say I better 10 00:00:27,140 --> 00:00:24,900 warn you we've been having some 11 00:00:30,439 --> 00:00:27,150 technical glitches it started this 12 00:00:32,600 --> 00:00:30,449 broadcast so if we start freezing and 13 00:00:35,209 --> 00:00:32,610 stuff I think it's an issue with the 14 00:00:37,729 --> 00:00:35,219 google hangout system so we hope you'll 15 00:00:40,729 --> 00:00:37,739 be paid holidays in advance if it gets 16 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:40,739 really really bad so I just wanted to 17 00:00:49,369 --> 00:00:46,890 say that Hubble servicing mission yes 18 00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:49,379 that's right that's right so as many of 19 00:00:54,950 --> 00:00:52,890 you know Hubble has been in orbit for 24 20 00:00:57,410 --> 00:00:54,960 years now taking data and we're 21 00:01:00,500 --> 00:00:57,420 approaching its approaching its 25th 22 00:01:02,810 --> 00:01:00,510 year and this hangout is going to be the 23 00:01:05,270 --> 00:01:02,820 first in a series of heading outs that 24 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:05,280 we do to help celebrate Hubble's 25 25 00:01:09,320 --> 00:01:07,530 years in space so this is the first one 26 00:01:12,020 --> 00:01:09,330 of those hangouts in that series so we 27 00:01:14,030 --> 00:01:12,030 are excited to be able to offer this to 28 00:01:15,469 --> 00:01:14,040 you if you want it we hope you're going 29 00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:15,479 to give us comments and questions you 30 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:17,850 can do it on the YouTube and G+ event 31 00:01:22,039 --> 00:01:20,250 pages when we're monitoring those 32 00:01:24,320 --> 00:01:22,049 comments you could also use the Q&A app 33 00:01:26,780 --> 00:01:24,330 that's on the video screen itself as 34 00:01:29,450 --> 00:01:26,790 well as tweeting with the Hubble hang 35 00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:29,460 out hashtag so we hope to see we hope to 36 00:01:34,460 --> 00:01:30,810 see some comments and questions for you 37 00:01:36,590 --> 00:01:34,470 and we will we will look at I'll read 38 00:01:39,740 --> 00:01:36,600 them out and as the Hangout progresses 39 00:01:42,560 --> 00:01:39,750 so our guest today is we have some guys 40 00:01:45,679 --> 00:01:42,570 from the goddard space flight center we 41 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:45,689 have rust weren't it werneth he's the 42 00:01:50,990 --> 00:01:48,810 former EV a manager for Hubble and he is 43 00:01:53,389 --> 00:01:51,000 uh he is now joining us to talk about 44 00:01:55,010 --> 00:01:53,399 some of the some of his experiences with 45 00:01:57,740 --> 00:01:55,020 the Hubble Space Telescope we also have 46 00:01:59,840 --> 00:01:57,750 dr. Kenneth carpenter he is the 47 00:02:03,859 --> 00:01:59,850 operations project scientist for Hubble 48 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:03,869 at Goddard welcome guys great today ok 49 00:02:11,630 --> 00:02:06,810 also joining me as always dr. carol 50 00:02:13,610 --> 00:02:11,640 christian and scott lewis driving our 51 00:02:15,920 --> 00:02:13,620 internet for us thank you guys all right 52 00:02:18,430 --> 00:02:15,930 the Internet's driving itself apparently 53 00:02:23,449 --> 00:02:18,440 I know I know I really hope that the 54 00:02:24,949 --> 00:02:23,459 doesn't get too bad so um so Hubble's 55 00:02:27,559 --> 00:02:24,959 been around for a while I want to start 56 00:02:29,270 --> 00:02:27,569 at the very beginning and I might 57 00:02:30,680 --> 00:02:29,280 mention that I think Carol Scott and I 58 00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:30,690 are going to be doing more of these 59 00:02:35,449 --> 00:02:33,690 Hubble hangouts on the history part of 60 00:02:37,039 --> 00:02:35,459 it anyway too so we're not I don't think 61 00:02:39,110 --> 00:02:37,049 we're going to plan on trying to cover 62 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:39,120 every single bit of the history of 63 00:02:42,619 --> 00:02:40,290 Hubble but we are going to get to the 64 00:02:46,699 --> 00:02:42,629 focus primarily on the early parts and 65 00:02:49,460 --> 00:02:46,709 so I guess some can cannot let me let me 66 00:02:53,050 --> 00:02:49,470 start with you I'd like to add where did 67 00:02:55,270 --> 00:02:53,060 the idea of putting a telescope in orbit 68 00:02:59,210 --> 00:02:55,280 come from where did it originate 69 00:03:01,300 --> 00:02:59,220 actually it's a story for this goes back 70 00:03:04,250 --> 00:03:01,310 quite away I think the earliest 71 00:03:06,259 --> 00:03:04,260 suggestions of doing an orbiting space 72 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:06,269 telescope we're back in the 1920s 73 00:03:12,229 --> 00:03:10,170 actually there was a man named and we 74 00:03:14,599 --> 00:03:12,239 wrote an article describing the 75 00:03:16,789 --> 00:03:14,609 possibility of launching an observer 76 00:03:18,140 --> 00:03:16,799 Richard into space on a rocket he was 77 00:03:24,790 --> 00:03:18,150 more into Rockets just like Robert 78 00:03:28,810 --> 00:03:26,590 hang out again I can see that already 79 00:03:30,790 --> 00:03:28,820 could you hear that or did it all 80 00:03:33,130 --> 00:03:30,800 disappear close up again yeah it all 81 00:03:36,370 --> 00:03:33,140 just froze up I'm sorry okay well 82 00:03:38,170 --> 00:03:36,380 basically I said that it in 1923 a guy 83 00:03:40,570 --> 00:03:38,180 named Herman or Burruss actually wrote 84 00:03:41,950 --> 00:03:40,580 about launching an observatory into 85 00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:41,960 space in Iraq and he was looking for 86 00:03:48,040 --> 00:03:44,330 applications of rockets that they were 87 00:03:51,070 --> 00:03:48,050 starting to play around with and 1946 88 00:03:54,130 --> 00:03:51,080 was probably the seminal article about a 89 00:03:56,950 --> 00:03:54,140 Space Telescope a professor named lyman 90 00:03:59,860 --> 00:03:56,960 spitzer at princeton wrote for project 91 00:04:02,110 --> 00:03:59,870 rand which was a think tank back in the 92 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:02,120 1940s and he wrote an article about the 93 00:04:06,340 --> 00:04:03,890 advantages of putting an astronomical 94 00:04:07,720 --> 00:04:06,350 telescope into space noting that you 95 00:04:09,430 --> 00:04:07,730 wouldn't be looking through the 96 00:04:11,440 --> 00:04:09,440 atmosphere which blurs things out from 97 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:11,450 the ground noting you see a broader 98 00:04:14,140 --> 00:04:12,770 wavelength of colors if you weren't 99 00:04:16,390 --> 00:04:14,150 looking through the atmosphere and that 100 00:04:18,430 --> 00:04:16,400 you had a darker background so that's 101 00:04:20,620 --> 00:04:18,440 really sort of the beginning of the idea 102 00:04:26,950 --> 00:04:20,630 of an HST so way back in nineteen forty 103 00:04:28,450 --> 00:04:26,960 six through the set XD there were 104 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:28,460 various conversations about Hubble in 105 00:04:38,290 --> 00:04:36,530 the 60s would hope you're muted okay 106 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:38,300 where people talked about what size 107 00:04:44,010 --> 00:04:40,810 telescope they might do and it actually 108 00:04:46,510 --> 00:04:44,020 started out as a four meter telescope 109 00:04:48,460 --> 00:04:46,520 the idea of launching it on a Saturn 5 110 00:04:50,140 --> 00:04:48,470 rocket so as four meters on a Saturn 111 00:04:52,810 --> 00:04:50,150 rocket instead of two and a half meters 112 00:04:55,870 --> 00:04:52,820 in the space shuttle and we actually got 113 00:04:57,130 --> 00:04:55,880 there in pieces basically in 1968 there 114 00:04:59,409 --> 00:04:57,140 was something called the large space 115 00:05:03,130 --> 00:04:59,419 telescope the LST which was supposed to 116 00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:03,140 be a 3-meter telescope and that went 117 00:05:07,330 --> 00:05:05,810 along for a couple years in 1974 118 00:05:09,370 --> 00:05:07,340 basically all funding got cut by 119 00:05:11,230 --> 00:05:09,380 Congress and there was a regrouping 120 00:05:13,270 --> 00:05:11,240 people got together and worked with 121 00:05:14,650 --> 00:05:13,280 Congress and various politicians and the 122 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:14,660 astronomical community to figure out 123 00:05:19,840 --> 00:05:17,450 what is reasonable and out of that game 124 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:19,850 in the way we know today the two and a 125 00:05:25,690 --> 00:05:22,490 half meters flown on the shuttle and in 126 00:05:29,140 --> 00:05:25,700 a mode of that it could be rest every 127 00:05:31,270 --> 00:05:29,150 three to five years so the the idea it 128 00:05:33,790 --> 00:05:31,280 float I'm glad you brought up a good 129 00:05:37,629 --> 00:05:33,800 point about the the atmosphere and being 130 00:05:41,140 --> 00:05:37,639 being you well 131 00:05:44,649 --> 00:05:41,150 while the atmosphere does protecta the 132 00:05:46,540 --> 00:05:44,659 Sun and radiation at all blocks outs and 133 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:46,550 valuable wavelengths that we'd like to 134 00:05:53,499 --> 00:05:49,210 be able to see in astronomy and so 135 00:05:56,409 --> 00:05:53,509 strongly sand was the was the was a 136 00:05:59,550 --> 00:05:56,419 process back then similar to what it is 137 00:06:04,610 --> 00:06:01,590 these things called decadence at the 138 00:06:07,340 --> 00:06:05,750 they are all ranked in order of 139 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:07,350 priorities or was getting up on a 140 00:06:12,460 --> 00:06:10,530 soapbox and saying I wanted almost wait 141 00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:12,470 I want to face telescope on his face 142 00:06:20,750 --> 00:06:19,260 hello well it wasn't you were breaking 143 00:06:25,790 --> 00:06:20,760 up at her there weren't thee they will 144 00:06:28,990 --> 00:06:25,800 weren't the regular deck every 10 near 145 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:29,000 studies that you were talking about that 146 00:06:33,980 --> 00:06:31,770 but there was a lot of on both of the 147 00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:33,990 astronomical community and with Congress 148 00:06:50,670 --> 00:06:36,210 and the president to try to get a new 149 00:06:55,320 --> 00:06:53,390 cost had to abandon his gonna cost 150 00:07:02,030 --> 00:06:55,330 versus the other things NASA was doing 151 00:07:04,940 --> 00:07:03,770 a huge issue because people knew that 152 00:07:06,890 --> 00:07:04,950 wouldn't be cheap and that's one reason 153 00:07:08,750 --> 00:07:06,900 it went from four meters down to three 154 00:07:17,750 --> 00:07:08,760 meters down to two and a half meters was 155 00:07:19,780 --> 00:07:17,760 to try to control the cost but in kind 156 00:07:21,890 --> 00:07:19,790 of science that you would do with an 157 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:21,900 orbiting telescope that would look at 158 00:07:26,570 --> 00:07:23,730 high energy events in the cosmos wanted 159 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:26,580 to launch an x-ray satellite the UV 160 00:07:31,790 --> 00:07:29,330 optical community which served by Hubble 161 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:31,800 wanted Hubble to do their kind of 162 00:07:37,400 --> 00:07:33,330 science so there was trade-offs about 163 00:07:39,470 --> 00:07:37,410 which kind of telescope would be watched 164 00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:39,480 first one request versus the other so it 165 00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:41,130 was always a constant pressure to do it 166 00:07:45,110 --> 00:07:43,950 as cheaply as you could but make sure it 167 00:07:46,610 --> 00:07:45,120 was big enough to do the science that 168 00:07:51,080 --> 00:07:46,620 you had proposed otherwise it would be 169 00:07:53,200 --> 00:07:51,090 worth anything these guys I need to 170 00:07:55,970 --> 00:07:53,210 apologize to everyone about this this 171 00:07:57,140 --> 00:07:55,980 this connection it's not anything we can 172 00:07:59,360 --> 00:07:57,150 do about it but I do want to apologize 173 00:08:01,010 --> 00:07:59,370 for the quality we all keep cutting out 174 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:01,020 so please bear with us and we'll try to 175 00:08:05,150 --> 00:08:03,330 do the best we can with it Russ let me 176 00:08:06,890 --> 00:08:05,160 ask you something uh let me ask you a 177 00:08:09,170 --> 00:08:06,900 quick question here the in the early 178 00:08:11,390 --> 00:08:09,180 days of the design did the design of the 179 00:08:12,980 --> 00:08:11,400 telescope as you could tell what did it 180 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:12,990 change much from the early days I mean 181 00:08:16,550 --> 00:08:15,210 was it or what were some of the factors 182 00:08:19,700 --> 00:08:16,560 that went into designing the Hubble 183 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:19,710 Space Telescope the things that chains 184 00:08:27,050 --> 00:08:24,450 were first on the software side because 185 00:08:30,290 --> 00:08:27,060 of delays we were able to make changes 186 00:08:32,900 --> 00:08:30,300 relative to software also battery 187 00:08:36,350 --> 00:08:32,910 improvement so I think they were the two 188 00:08:38,659 --> 00:08:36,360 big areas during that time and during 189 00:08:42,250 --> 00:08:38,669 the delays caused by different reasons 190 00:08:47,030 --> 00:08:42,260 that we essentially bought some time 191 00:08:50,450 --> 00:08:47,040 although we paid for it because it added 192 00:08:53,150 --> 00:08:50,460 total cost and allow some improvements 193 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:53,160 during that development stage isn't it 194 00:08:58,040 --> 00:08:54,330 true that when you're building a 195 00:09:00,740 --> 00:08:58,050 spacecraft you have to kind of design it 196 00:09:03,170 --> 00:09:00,750 with technology that's already proven 197 00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:03,180 and reliable at the time you're building 198 00:09:07,550 --> 00:09:05,370 it and over the course of the the 199 00:09:09,560 --> 00:09:07,560 construction of the spacecraft like I'm 200 00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:09,570 thinking for example detector design if 201 00:09:12,890 --> 00:09:11,490 you're building a camera and you want to 202 00:09:15,860 --> 00:09:12,900 have a certain detector any of you in 203 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:15,870 your building it in 1985 204 00:09:19,670 --> 00:09:18,210 uh you know and then you're not going to 205 00:09:21,650 --> 00:09:19,680 have it finished for another seven or 206 00:09:22,940 --> 00:09:21,660 eight years we'll see CDs and detectors 207 00:09:26,269 --> 00:09:22,950 have gotten a lot better over that time 208 00:09:27,950 --> 00:09:26,279 scale you have to kind of your they're 209 00:09:31,750 --> 00:09:27,960 almost obsolete from the beginning 210 00:09:35,240 --> 00:09:31,760 weren't they space are that's true and 211 00:09:38,540 --> 00:09:35,250 it also brings out the advantage of 212 00:09:41,810 --> 00:09:38,550 Hubble Space Telescope in that the 213 00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:41,820 initial concept was that as we had new 214 00:09:48,380 --> 00:09:46,050 technology or things needed repair we 215 00:09:50,150 --> 00:09:48,390 could go back to it so during our 216 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:50,160 servicing missions the five servicing 217 00:09:54,740 --> 00:09:52,770 missions that we had we essentially left 218 00:09:57,769 --> 00:09:54,750 the new telescope because we repair 219 00:10:00,680 --> 00:09:57,779 things and we put in that new technology 220 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:00,690 that we didn't know back when Hubble was 221 00:10:06,620 --> 00:10:04,770 first designed and or the previous 222 00:10:10,300 --> 00:10:06,630 servicing mission so that points out one 223 00:10:14,510 --> 00:10:10,310 of the great advantages of home oh so 224 00:10:16,490 --> 00:10:14,520 the at you when I introduced you your 225 00:10:18,050 --> 00:10:16,500 title was Evie a manager for Hubble can 226 00:10:21,800 --> 00:10:18,060 you give me something that what is that 227 00:10:24,019 --> 00:10:21,810 what does an EV a manager do well of 228 00:10:28,400 --> 00:10:24,029 course in NASA we have to talk in 229 00:10:32,300 --> 00:10:28,410 acronyms EV a stands for extra vehicular 230 00:10:35,329 --> 00:10:32,310 activity and extra vehicular activity is 231 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:35,339 a fancy word for spacewalks getting out 232 00:10:41,990 --> 00:10:38,010 of a getting out of outside and outside 233 00:10:44,810 --> 00:10:42,000 uh back when Neil Armstrong walked on 234 00:10:48,230 --> 00:10:44,820 the moon certainly he got out walked on 235 00:10:50,840 --> 00:10:48,240 the moon that was an EBA when the 236 00:10:55,430 --> 00:10:50,850 astronauts got out of the shuttle which 237 00:10:57,920 --> 00:10:55,440 had met up with Hubble and they went 238 00:11:00,920 --> 00:10:57,930 outside to do what we had planned for 239 00:11:02,570 --> 00:11:00,930 them to do they were doing ebas because 240 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:02,580 they were in their astronaut suits and 241 00:11:10,310 --> 00:11:05,490 they were outside of the environment of 242 00:11:12,590 --> 00:11:10,320 the show so the EV a manager from the 243 00:11:16,610 --> 00:11:12,600 payload side from Hubble Space Telescope 244 00:11:19,519 --> 00:11:16,620 at Goddard Space Flight Center was in 245 00:11:21,769 --> 00:11:19,529 charge of developing all the special 246 00:11:24,370 --> 00:11:21,779 tools that were needed to meet the 247 00:11:28,550 --> 00:11:24,380 requirements for that particular mission 248 00:11:29,780 --> 00:11:28,560 to come up with procedures and working 249 00:11:34,070 --> 00:11:29,790 with Johnson Space 250 00:11:36,710 --> 00:11:34,080 enter and build those tools build the 251 00:11:39,500 --> 00:11:36,720 procedures and to do our part in 252 00:11:41,990 --> 00:11:39,510 training for what the astronauts had to 253 00:11:45,620 --> 00:11:42,000 do for all the eda days that won't be 254 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:45,630 that plan for them okay so so that we 255 00:11:49,730 --> 00:11:48,210 know from early on that the I mean 256 00:11:52,130 --> 00:11:49,740 anybody who knows Hubble knows it was 257 00:11:53,780 --> 00:11:52,140 designed to be serviced by shuttles it 258 00:11:57,290 --> 00:11:53,790 was put up there by a shuttle was that 259 00:11:58,430 --> 00:11:57,300 always the case and I'm not sure who was 260 00:11:59,690 --> 00:11:58,440 better able to answer this question so i 261 00:12:02,450 --> 00:11:59,700 want to put both can and russ and you 262 00:12:04,940 --> 00:12:02,460 guys can decide was it always the case 263 00:12:06,410 --> 00:12:04,950 that Hubble was going to be an integral 264 00:12:08,840 --> 00:12:06,420 part of the shuttle mission or was there 265 00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:08,850 ever a time when you know they were it 266 00:12:11,330 --> 00:12:09,960 wasn't that we're going to just use a 267 00:12:13,910 --> 00:12:11,340 rocket or something like that to get it 268 00:12:15,440 --> 00:12:13,920 up in space I can start on that if you 269 00:12:18,440 --> 00:12:15,450 want then rest you can comment further 270 00:12:21,440 --> 00:12:18,450 okay go ahead yeah originally the the 271 00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:21,450 concept for HST was for orbiting space 272 00:12:26,330 --> 00:12:24,210 telescope was to launch it on a Saturn 5 273 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:26,340 so the the moon rocket that wants the 274 00:12:31,370 --> 00:12:29,370 Apollo missions yeah because there were 275 00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:31,380 some left over after the Apollo missions 276 00:12:34,340 --> 00:12:32,970 right after the Apollo program ended 277 00:12:38,030 --> 00:12:34,350 that's right and some of them were in 278 00:12:39,680 --> 00:12:38,040 museums nowadays yeah get some fuel and 279 00:12:42,650 --> 00:12:39,690 those guys maybe they'd still go you 280 00:12:44,210 --> 00:12:42,660 know were you one of the things I 281 00:12:46,700 --> 00:12:44,220 discovered in the last couple of months 282 00:12:48,350 --> 00:12:46,710 when looking back at the older history 283 00:12:52,540 --> 00:12:48,360 of Hubble is one of the early concepts 284 00:12:55,130 --> 00:12:52,550 actually had a crew crew person on board 285 00:12:56,960 --> 00:12:55,140 helping to run the telescope oh now that 286 00:12:58,910 --> 00:12:56,970 would be cool I would sign up for that 287 00:13:00,080 --> 00:12:58,920 job I don't know that they ever followed 288 00:13:03,170 --> 00:13:00,090 this up out of this scott can you get 289 00:13:04,820 --> 00:13:03,180 that graphic up I I love this idea i 290 00:13:07,190 --> 00:13:04,830 remember reading about this i was like 291 00:13:09,440 --> 00:13:07,200 oh that's amazing and there's all kinds 292 00:13:11,810 --> 00:13:09,450 of documentation and arguments about 293 00:13:13,730 --> 00:13:11,820 what you know what is it feasible and 294 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:13,740 this is when they're gonna send film 295 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:16,530 canisters down right yeah exactly so if 296 00:13:19,880 --> 00:13:18,240 you can see the graphic now you see in 297 00:13:22,070 --> 00:13:19,890 that the back end and on the right side 298 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:22,080 of the telescope behind the north as it 299 00:13:28,040 --> 00:13:25,050 up now there's actually a person 300 00:13:30,680 --> 00:13:28,050 floating sort of horizontally above the 301 00:13:32,300 --> 00:13:30,690 instrumentation and because exactly he 302 00:13:35,090 --> 00:13:32,310 said Carol they were going to go and 303 00:13:37,190 --> 00:13:35,100 actually use film they the person would 304 00:13:38,930 --> 00:13:37,200 then take film out of the cameras roll 305 00:13:40,220 --> 00:13:38,940 it up and then somehow get it back to 306 00:13:41,510 --> 00:13:40,230 the earth I never actually saw an 307 00:13:42,890 --> 00:13:41,520 explanation of how in the world they 308 00:13:43,460 --> 00:13:42,900 were planning to but they were going to 309 00:13:50,249 --> 00:13:43,470 have 310 00:13:58,629 --> 00:13:53,229 to support that's what I was waiting 311 00:13:59,919 --> 00:13:58,639 right here for the Hangout I think one 312 00:14:00,910 --> 00:13:59,929 of the reasons they went away from that 313 00:14:03,400 --> 00:14:00,920 year in addition to all the 314 00:14:05,410 --> 00:14:03,410 complications and trying to support life 315 00:14:06,970 --> 00:14:05,420 up there was the contamination issue 316 00:14:09,039 --> 00:14:06,980 because there's a lot of contaminants 317 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:09,049 coming out of a even a single person in 318 00:14:12,489 --> 00:14:10,610 the background and one of the things 319 00:14:14,259 --> 00:14:12,499 we've done very carefully over the years 320 00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:14,269 is to try to keep all possible 321 00:14:19,329 --> 00:14:16,160 contaminations off the surfaces of the 322 00:14:22,479 --> 00:14:19,339 the mirrors and the detectors because it 323 00:14:24,100 --> 00:14:22,489 would hinder their people out of the 324 00:14:26,350 --> 00:14:24,110 immediate equation actually it was a 325 00:14:28,989 --> 00:14:26,360 very positive thing let's say that would 326 00:14:31,869 --> 00:14:28,999 be I mean beyond being an astronaut 327 00:14:34,210 --> 00:14:31,879 which would be an awesome job being the 328 00:14:37,059 --> 00:14:34,220 person inside the Hubble Space Telescope 329 00:14:40,449 --> 00:14:37,069 I think would be the perfect job like 330 00:14:42,759 --> 00:14:40,459 sign me up I would be amazing I couldn't 331 00:14:46,629 --> 00:14:42,769 agree more obvious i do i work a 332 00:14:48,309 --> 00:14:46,639 telescope in space and that was supposed 333 00:14:49,900 --> 00:14:48,319 to be a shirtsleeve environment it 334 00:14:52,059 --> 00:14:49,910 wasn't big astronaut clunky suit or 335 00:14:53,710 --> 00:14:52,069 anything amazed to be pressurized cabin 336 00:14:57,249 --> 00:14:53,720 so you could go there and your YouTube 337 00:14:59,859 --> 00:14:57,259 t-shirt and work mark I could do a 338 00:15:03,819 --> 00:14:59,869 Hubble hangout from space from Hubble oh 339 00:15:06,309 --> 00:15:03,829 yeah that would be I'd watch that that'd 340 00:15:07,449 --> 00:15:06,319 be great okay so i would really look 341 00:15:08,979 --> 00:15:07,459 through Hubble which no one's ever 342 00:15:11,799 --> 00:15:08,989 really done you know we do it all with 343 00:15:13,659 --> 00:15:11,809 remote detectors now oh man that would 344 00:15:16,299 --> 00:15:13,669 my other show the virtual star party 345 00:15:18,669 --> 00:15:16,309 would add more depth and oh wow never 346 00:15:20,229 --> 00:15:18,679 mind exploding my brain with 347 00:15:23,049 --> 00:15:20,239 possibilities of this thing that never 348 00:15:24,639 --> 00:15:23,059 happened maybe we should be me anyways 349 00:15:27,340 --> 00:15:24,649 we should do it in the future anyway to 350 00:15:28,659 --> 00:15:27,350 have it in Earth orbit playbook what 351 00:15:30,489 --> 00:15:28,669 about well that's a different topic I 352 00:15:32,530 --> 00:15:30,499 won't go there I was going to ask about 353 00:15:37,809 --> 00:15:32,540 the space station but that's that's off 354 00:15:39,789 --> 00:15:37,819 topic so the so the the decision was 355 00:15:42,100 --> 00:15:39,799 made at some point that it was going to 356 00:15:43,569 --> 00:15:42,110 go in the shuttle what were the what 357 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:43,579 were the circumstances of that what was 358 00:15:47,679 --> 00:15:45,410 the final driver for saying hey no we're 359 00:15:49,269 --> 00:15:47,689 not doing this no no sir shirtsleeve 360 00:15:51,249 --> 00:15:49,279 environment no launching on a Saturn 5 361 00:15:52,780 --> 00:15:51,259 we're using the shuttle what was it what 362 00:15:55,269 --> 00:15:52,790 was a driver for that Russ is that 363 00:16:01,330 --> 00:15:55,279 something you can comment on I believe I 364 00:16:03,850 --> 00:16:01,340 can the pants for the space shuttle and 365 00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:03,860 Hubble Space Telescope merged about that 366 00:16:10,510 --> 00:16:07,910 time about one time up within a time 367 00:16:13,050 --> 00:16:10,520 frame I'd say within the 70s okay so 368 00:16:16,990 --> 00:16:13,060 this is we're talking 70 still yes ah 369 00:16:18,760 --> 00:16:17,000 actually the funding for Hubble or the 370 00:16:21,670 --> 00:16:18,770 authorization from Congress came out in 371 00:16:24,780 --> 00:16:21,680 about nineteen seventy-seven and of 372 00:16:29,110 --> 00:16:24,790 course the first shuttle launch was in 373 00:16:32,260 --> 00:16:29,120 81 so around the time when proponents to 374 00:16:33,940 --> 00:16:32,270 reach of these programs were trying to 375 00:16:37,780 --> 00:16:33,950 get approval for Hubble and for the 376 00:16:45,340 --> 00:16:37,790 shuttle with the shuttle doing Earth 377 00:16:47,500 --> 00:16:45,350 orbit to get up and back to Hubble which 378 00:16:49,930 --> 00:16:47,510 would be in low-earth orbit it made 379 00:16:55,030 --> 00:16:49,940 sense to make certain that Hubble was 380 00:16:57,550 --> 00:16:55,040 designed to fit in like gin and be a 381 00:17:03,220 --> 00:16:57,560 wanna be seller 382 00:17:06,579 --> 00:17:03,230 those two press how Hubble came about so 383 00:17:11,309 --> 00:17:06,589 English out so that would turn out to be 384 00:17:13,870 --> 00:17:11,319 a very pivotal decision to to to make a 385 00:17:16,540 --> 00:17:13,880 the shuttle be able to go up and get 386 00:17:21,120 --> 00:17:16,550 this thing later in its in its history 387 00:17:23,770 --> 00:17:21,130 but uh but it sounds like you know that 388 00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:23,780 I'm sorry folks it looks like I think 389 00:17:27,730 --> 00:17:25,760 we've identified that it's an 390 00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:27,740 infrastructure issue with the Google 391 00:17:33,070 --> 00:17:31,160 stuff and it's it's still happening here 392 00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:33,080 and there intermittently my again my 393 00:17:40,750 --> 00:17:38,570 apologies on that so the the so the 394 00:17:42,670 --> 00:17:40,760 decision to actually service it would be 395 00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:42,680 turn out to be an important one if we 396 00:17:48,280 --> 00:17:44,650 had launched it with the Saturn five 397 00:17:49,840 --> 00:17:48,290 probably well maybe I don't know could 398 00:17:50,950 --> 00:17:49,850 we have gone up and shut and serviced it 399 00:17:54,940 --> 00:17:50,960 with the shuttle anyway if we had 400 00:17:57,490 --> 00:17:54,950 launched it with Centrify we could have 401 00:18:00,760 --> 00:17:57,500 if we had planned ahead as we would have 402 00:18:06,940 --> 00:18:00,770 if we if that were to be the plan Google 403 00:18:10,300 --> 00:18:06,950 to have fixtures on it as we but the 404 00:18:12,810 --> 00:18:10,310 interfaces were yes we we could do that 405 00:18:14,919 --> 00:18:12,820 if it were launched by another vehicle 406 00:18:16,210 --> 00:18:14,929 okay so we've made decisions we're going 407 00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:16,220 to have a Space Telescope it's going to 408 00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:19,580 go in wait wait I have a question so 409 00:18:23,500 --> 00:18:21,650 from the timeline understanding from 410 00:18:26,650 --> 00:18:23,510 Canon rods it sounds like there was a 411 00:18:28,690 --> 00:18:26,660 long period of time deciding to do a 412 00:18:30,970 --> 00:18:28,700 Space Telescope but then it was pretty 413 00:18:34,060 --> 00:18:30,980 quick to switch from for the launch 414 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:34,070 vehicle I mean it was like over five to 415 00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:35,810 ten years is that right I mean that's 416 00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:39,890 quick in the space arena is that right I 417 00:18:45,970 --> 00:18:43,090 think so there was a huge push in the 418 00:18:49,870 --> 00:18:45,980 mid-70s I think by the astronomical 419 00:18:52,030 --> 00:18:49,880 community was led by involved in the 420 00:18:54,100 --> 00:18:52,040 early portion of the telescope and John 421 00:18:55,900 --> 00:18:54,110 Bacall who also happened to be at for 422 00:18:58,870 --> 00:18:55,910 instant they managed to get the 423 00:19:01,180 --> 00:18:58,880 community together a group of 424 00:19:03,190 --> 00:19:01,190 politicians and public together to 425 00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:03,200 actually supports idea and then they 426 00:19:06,850 --> 00:19:05,450 worked with manned spaceflight on the 427 00:19:08,500 --> 00:19:06,860 shuttle and sort of got everybody 428 00:19:11,410 --> 00:19:08,510 converges very fascinating with all the 429 00:19:12,910 --> 00:19:11,420 different pieces coming together 430 00:19:15,340 --> 00:19:12,920 and the fact that they brought the price 431 00:19:17,230 --> 00:19:15,350 down at the same time I think is what it 432 00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:17,240 allowed it to finally move forward and 433 00:19:23,260 --> 00:19:19,360 gain the traction that it hadn't had 434 00:19:24,670 --> 00:19:23,270 okay cool thanks yeah thank you uh okay 435 00:19:26,860 --> 00:19:24,680 so we got it in the shuttlebay it's 436 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:26,870 going it's going to be that's because 437 00:19:33,460 --> 00:19:29,690 it's constrained obviously by the site 438 00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:33,470 of the the what the shuttle can do so 439 00:19:39,100 --> 00:19:36,320 the design B was was primarily 440 00:19:40,720 --> 00:19:39,110 constrained tie the size of the shuttle 441 00:19:48,670 --> 00:19:40,730 bay but I'm if i remember right Russ 442 00:19:49,990 --> 00:19:48,680 that didn't it take up Eric in there can 443 00:19:56,860 --> 00:19:50,000 you ask that again you broke out though 444 00:20:01,510 --> 00:19:56,870 oh I did constrained about the size of 445 00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:01,520 the shuttle bay in my still bear picking 446 00:20:08,410 --> 00:20:04,640 up then I think I remember it taking up 447 00:20:11,620 --> 00:20:08,420 every square empty space in the shuttle 448 00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:11,630 bay itself is that true that's that's 449 00:20:21,670 --> 00:20:15,760 pretty much true we had of course Tareq 450 00:20:24,730 --> 00:20:21,680 hope to it that was in the bay and at 451 00:20:27,220 --> 00:20:24,740 that time we had her rolled up and then 452 00:20:30,370 --> 00:20:27,230 each mast of the solar array was folded 453 00:20:32,580 --> 00:20:30,380 up against the side and that's about all 454 00:20:38,410 --> 00:20:32,590 that would fit in that shuttle bay and 455 00:20:40,090 --> 00:20:38,420 to get employed that's all so I guess 456 00:20:42,370 --> 00:20:40,100 the way NASA does things is it always 457 00:20:44,050 --> 00:20:42,380 uses contractors I did that with Apollo 458 00:20:46,690 --> 00:20:44,060 and it does it with doing it now at the 459 00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:46,700 James Webb Space Telescope whoo-hoo 460 00:20:49,960 --> 00:20:48,410 built who built this thing whoo what was 461 00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:49,970 the primary contractor for the Hubble 462 00:20:56,290 --> 00:20:53,210 Space Telescope primary contractor for 463 00:21:00,910 --> 00:20:56,300 the structure was Lockheed Martin out in 464 00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:00,920 sunnyvale california the there were many 465 00:21:06,070 --> 00:21:02,810 other contractors that were building 466 00:21:10,990 --> 00:21:06,080 scientific instruments various parts 467 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:11,000 solar arrays and the mirror so there are 468 00:21:17,320 --> 00:21:14,330 many many contractors but for the main 469 00:21:19,900 --> 00:21:17,330 part of Hubble it was Lockheed Martin 470 00:21:22,300 --> 00:21:19,910 and Scott has an image up of some of the 471 00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:22,310 various integration or building phases 472 00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:23,600 of the telescope which is kind of cool 473 00:21:27,170 --> 00:21:25,170 since need to see that 474 00:21:32,380 --> 00:21:27,180 bill so it was built it looks like in 475 00:21:41,720 --> 00:21:38,090 you back Kenneth well it was pretty much 476 00:21:43,910 --> 00:21:41,730 what was ready to go in January of 86 477 00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:43,920 and would have gone if it hadn't 478 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:45,530 happened for the the Challenger accident 479 00:21:53,060 --> 00:21:48,930 which to lead us another four years into 480 00:21:55,430 --> 00:21:53,070 the actual lunch in 1990 so you know if 481 00:21:59,150 --> 00:21:55,440 you figure it started basically in the 482 00:22:02,900 --> 00:21:59,160 late 70s you're you're talking well yeah 483 00:22:04,730 --> 00:22:02,910 nice or so so and you know we did make 484 00:22:06,890 --> 00:22:04,740 further improvements in whatever between 485 00:22:09,730 --> 00:22:06,900 86 and 91 look like well are some of the 486 00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:09,740 things that you were changed you know oh 487 00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:12,720 you're able to update detectors for 488 00:22:16,190 --> 00:22:14,370 instance and some of the instruments 489 00:22:17,930 --> 00:22:16,200 either the can't even respect to grass 490 00:22:21,650 --> 00:22:17,940 where you could get higher sensitivity 491 00:22:23,570 --> 00:22:21,660 see fainter objects on the sky we're 492 00:22:25,670 --> 00:22:23,580 able to improve the ground system 493 00:22:28,850 --> 00:22:25,680 software a lot to improve the scheduling 494 00:22:31,430 --> 00:22:28,860 and the data reduction and archiving of 495 00:22:32,780 --> 00:22:31,440 material so basically you know because 496 00:22:34,820 --> 00:22:32,790 we had the extra time people just kept 497 00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:34,830 working and improving things and what 498 00:22:37,810 --> 00:22:36,450 went to orbit and what was in the ground 499 00:22:39,830 --> 00:22:37,820 system at launch was actually 500 00:22:41,810 --> 00:22:39,840 substantially better just because we had 501 00:22:43,340 --> 00:22:41,820 the luxury of time the that well you 502 00:22:46,160 --> 00:22:43,350 don't have in a rushed lunch schedule 503 00:22:48,530 --> 00:22:46,170 yeah sounds kind of a silver lining out 504 00:22:52,970 --> 00:22:48,540 of a bad situation so that would ya yes 505 00:22:55,030 --> 00:22:52,980 to it okay well so let's just go ahead 506 00:22:59,060 --> 00:22:55,040 and talk briefly about so it gets it 507 00:23:01,130 --> 00:22:59,070 launched in 1990 it goes up we turn it 508 00:23:03,830 --> 00:23:01,140 on and we start looking through it and 509 00:23:05,930 --> 00:23:03,840 the images are a little bit fuzzy one of 510 00:23:11,660 --> 00:23:05,940 the contractors the guy the people that 511 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:11,670 built the the mirror a perkin-elmer had 512 00:23:16,550 --> 00:23:13,890 introduced an aberration into the prime 513 00:23:20,660 --> 00:23:16,560 the primary mirror did that affect the 514 00:23:24,710 --> 00:23:20,670 science very much okay well it certainly 515 00:23:27,410 --> 00:23:24,720 did because the telescope wasn't as well 516 00:23:29,300 --> 00:23:27,420 focused due to the aberration you 517 00:23:30,890 --> 00:23:29,310 couldn't get the resolution between 518 00:23:33,260 --> 00:23:30,900 objects on the sky that you were hoping 519 00:23:36,110 --> 00:23:33,270 to get otherwise and the sensitivity of 520 00:23:37,850 --> 00:23:36,120 the various instruments went down 521 00:23:38,400 --> 00:23:37,860 because it was less light falling on a 522 00:23:41,850 --> 00:23:38,410 good 523 00:23:43,770 --> 00:23:41,860 in pixel on the detectors one bright 524 00:23:46,320 --> 00:23:43,780 spot there and that was pretty much the 525 00:23:48,300 --> 00:23:46,330 case for the the imaging instruments 526 00:23:50,550 --> 00:23:48,310 some of the performance there was 527 00:23:52,350 --> 00:23:50,560 recovered in the end by some after the 528 00:23:55,380 --> 00:23:52,360 fact software reduction which packed the 529 00:23:58,890 --> 00:23:55,390 light back in to a smaller space on the 530 00:24:00,600 --> 00:23:58,900 image but one thing that sometimes gets 531 00:24:02,790 --> 00:24:00,610 forgotten is that the spectrographs 532 00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:02,800 which usually have a little opening a 533 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:05,890 slit at the front to narrow the beam of 534 00:24:11,250 --> 00:24:07,810 light coming in they could still perform 535 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:11,260 at their original specification level in 536 00:24:15,690 --> 00:24:13,090 terms of resolution and how well they 537 00:24:18,180 --> 00:24:15,700 could separate colors or places on the 538 00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:18,190 sky because of that narrow slit now you 539 00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:20,650 did lose light because the image wasn't 540 00:24:23,550 --> 00:24:22,090 as well focused some of the light didn't 541 00:24:25,800 --> 00:24:23,560 make it through the slit so you had to 542 00:24:27,900 --> 00:24:25,810 expose longer so in the case of the 543 00:24:30,420 --> 00:24:27,910 spectrographs the quality of the data 544 00:24:32,610 --> 00:24:30,430 you could get the same quality of the 545 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:32,620 day as long as you were we will get in 546 00:24:36,150 --> 00:24:34,450 it so you could do fewer objects you 547 00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:36,160 could still do the same quality science 548 00:24:40,260 --> 00:24:37,570 and that's something that was a little 549 00:24:41,760 --> 00:24:40,270 harder to do with the the imagers until 550 00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:41,770 we put the corrective optics in place 551 00:24:45,270 --> 00:24:43,690 right and i think that's amazing you're 552 00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:45,280 in but the cleverness that was in those 553 00:24:49,710 --> 00:24:47,530 years and then so that brings us uh to 554 00:24:51,420 --> 00:24:49,720 some servicing missions then we we had 555 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:51,430 we had found our need for the first one 556 00:24:58,590 --> 00:24:54,250 you want to come at us back up a minute 557 00:25:02,670 --> 00:24:58,600 oh yeah yeah I like to add what what to 558 00:25:06,360 --> 00:25:02,680 what Ken said by all means I like to say 559 00:25:09,990 --> 00:25:06,370 that the mirror was ground with a very 560 00:25:17,370 --> 00:25:10,000 high technology process absolutely 561 00:25:19,260 --> 00:25:17,380 perfectly to the wrong spec they did it 562 00:25:20,820 --> 00:25:19,270 they did it the way it was supposed to 563 00:25:24,300 --> 00:25:20,830 be done just with the wrong instructions 564 00:25:26,340 --> 00:25:24,310 wrong recipe right and the amount that 565 00:25:28,380 --> 00:25:26,350 it was off it was too flat around the 566 00:25:32,910 --> 00:25:28,390 outside edge of this two point four 567 00:25:35,940 --> 00:25:32,920 meter mirror by 150th the diameter of a 568 00:25:39,300 --> 00:25:35,950 piece of human hair but it in space 569 00:25:42,420 --> 00:25:39,310 optics it it doesn't take much and Ray 570 00:25:46,620 --> 00:25:42,430 was a tremendous problem but i Ken said 571 00:25:50,670 --> 00:25:46,630 anything that was uh using the center 572 00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:50,680 part of the mirror for three years or so 573 00:25:54,630 --> 00:25:51,730 we did get pretty good 574 00:25:57,090 --> 00:25:54,640 it opted expac but again that leads into 575 00:25:59,400 --> 00:25:57,100 your question about servicing missions 576 00:26:00,810 --> 00:25:59,410 right so how many were there Russ how 577 00:26:02,610 --> 00:26:00,820 many altogether how many servicing 578 00:26:06,390 --> 00:26:02,620 missions were there for how we went from 579 00:26:10,170 --> 00:26:06,400 sm one servicing mission 1 up to sm for 580 00:26:12,510 --> 00:26:10,180 Scott how the graphic up oh good that so 581 00:26:18,080 --> 00:26:12,520 that sounds like we had for servicing 582 00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:18,090 missions however we really had 50 room 583 00:26:25,830 --> 00:26:22,450 for sm-3 because we were coming up on a 584 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:25,840 potential y2k problem at the end of 1999 585 00:26:32,970 --> 00:26:29,410 we had a requirement to get up there get 586 00:26:35,370 --> 00:26:32,980 back be safe on the ground by December 587 00:26:37,860 --> 00:26:35,380 thirty first nineteen ninety nine I did 588 00:26:39,960 --> 00:26:37,870 not know that that yeah we were 589 00:26:43,500 --> 00:26:39,970 everybody was sweating bullets are you 590 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:43,510 friggin busy oh my gosh yeah I had no 591 00:26:50,280 --> 00:26:45,610 idea sir war they were free the fallout 592 00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:50,290 expired well yeah we have just gravity 593 00:26:58,380 --> 00:26:56,080 and momentum stops with wife that's what 594 00:27:00,780 --> 00:26:58,390 we heard so NASA had a requirement 595 00:27:02,520 --> 00:27:00,790 everybody's on the ground yeah during 596 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:02,530 that that when the clocks turn over 597 00:27:08,730 --> 00:27:06,850 that's why I know that now yeah from the 598 00:27:11,250 --> 00:27:08,740 servicing viewpoint from the EDA 599 00:27:15,330 --> 00:27:11,260 viewpoint we had a lot on our plate in 600 00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:15,340 what originally was called sm-3 so in 601 00:27:20,100 --> 00:27:17,710 order that nobody forgot that we 602 00:27:21,660 --> 00:27:20,110 couldn't do all that since we had a new 603 00:27:26,340 --> 00:27:21,670 requirement to be back on the ground 604 00:27:28,890 --> 00:27:26,350 before New Year's Eve 2000 we broke it 605 00:27:32,010 --> 00:27:28,900 up into two servicing missions so we 606 00:27:33,930 --> 00:27:32,020 have a 3 a and a 3 B so in answer to 607 00:27:36,510 --> 00:27:33,940 your question the total number of 608 00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:36,520 servicing missions was five but the last 609 00:27:43,320 --> 00:27:41,530 one was sm4 in 2009 oh that's there was 610 00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:43,330 actually a second reason why the 611 00:27:49,230 --> 00:27:45,490 servicing mission 3 was split into two 612 00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:49,240 and that's because we had a increasing 613 00:27:55,010 --> 00:27:52,330 number of gyro failures yes in to that 614 00:27:57,390 --> 00:27:55,020 mission and eventually ran out of 615 00:27:59,040 --> 00:27:57,400 sufficient gyros to operate the mission 616 00:28:00,570 --> 00:27:59,050 so we did what's called a call-up 617 00:28:02,580 --> 00:28:00,580 mission which was has always been an 618 00:28:04,590 --> 00:28:02,590 option we had the option to tell manned 619 00:28:05,370 --> 00:28:04,600 spaceflight we need an emergency mission 620 00:28:06,540 --> 00:28:05,380 now 621 00:28:08,460 --> 00:28:06,550 that's a service Hubble because 622 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:08,470 something's gone wrong so we said we're 623 00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:10,930 going to exercise that option now we're 624 00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:12,490 just going to do the gyros which are 625 00:28:16,350 --> 00:28:14,410 absolutely critical and a few other 626 00:28:18,300 --> 00:28:16,360 things that are ready to go like the 627 00:28:22,290 --> 00:28:18,310 advanced computer and the fine guidance 628 00:28:33,330 --> 00:28:22,300 sensor and we're getting before 2000 and 629 00:28:34,830 --> 00:28:33,340 get HST back into operation graphic 630 00:28:36,630 --> 00:28:34,840 after you can see the things that are 631 00:28:38,430 --> 00:28:36,640 installed and of course the astronomers 632 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:38,440 had to wait for 3 B to get their 633 00:28:43,770 --> 00:28:39,970 instrument but it was more important to 634 00:28:47,700 --> 00:28:43,780 put these technical instrumentation in 635 00:28:52,500 --> 00:28:47,710 there to maintain the kitchen gyros so 636 00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:52,510 you could told ya pretty far yeah right 637 00:28:56,100 --> 00:28:54,490 so cut out right there explain what the 638 00:29:01,530 --> 00:28:56,110 gyros do because there are an important 639 00:29:03,810 --> 00:29:01,540 part the dry road so control the the 640 00:29:05,430 --> 00:29:03,820 pointing of the spacecraft across the 641 00:29:07,050 --> 00:29:05,440 sky so if there if you don't have a 642 00:29:09,090 --> 00:29:07,060 sufficient number to operate the 643 00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:09,100 telescope you basically can't do any 644 00:29:13,770 --> 00:29:11,170 science at all so they're sort of the 645 00:29:15,330 --> 00:29:13,780 base basic level of support that the 646 00:29:16,860 --> 00:29:15,340 telescope needs to move around in the 647 00:29:20,250 --> 00:29:16,870 state pointed at a particular direction 648 00:29:21,930 --> 00:29:20,260 on the sky so that's why that got top 649 00:29:25,230 --> 00:29:21,940 priority over everything else at that 650 00:29:27,210 --> 00:29:25,240 point right it's very it's very critical 651 00:29:28,770 --> 00:29:27,220 so the first to the first servicing 652 00:29:30,990 --> 00:29:28,780 mission we put in a new camera wide 653 00:29:36,060 --> 00:29:31,000 field planetary camera up taking some 654 00:29:37,620 --> 00:29:36,070 amazingly uh I humanity altering images 655 00:29:40,530 --> 00:29:37,630 and I'm not overstating it when I say it 656 00:29:44,580 --> 00:29:40,540 that way uh there was also co-star which 657 00:29:46,350 --> 00:29:44,590 was the fix for the the error in the 658 00:29:49,380 --> 00:29:46,360 mirror Russ can you tell us a little bit 659 00:29:53,720 --> 00:29:49,390 about what co-star did what it was well 660 00:29:56,670 --> 00:29:53,730 casar became a new requirement for our 661 00:30:00,030 --> 00:29:56,680 1993 servicing mission we had already 662 00:30:02,340 --> 00:30:00,040 been planning for it at lunchtime but it 663 00:30:04,860 --> 00:30:02,350 turned out that we had to add something 664 00:30:09,060 --> 00:30:04,870 new and that was a new scientific 665 00:30:11,730 --> 00:30:09,070 instrument that would by itself correct 666 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:11,740 the optics going to the other axial 667 00:30:19,170 --> 00:30:17,650 instruments and to our credit at NASA we 668 00:30:23,130 --> 00:30:19,180 came up with a 669 00:30:25,740 --> 00:30:23,140 a innovative relatively simple way to 670 00:30:29,220 --> 00:30:25,750 solve the problem as best we could and 671 00:30:31,980 --> 00:30:29,230 that was in the lake path of this big 672 00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:31,990 scientific instrument to put in small 673 00:30:37,950 --> 00:30:35,050 mirrors that were trainable and and 674 00:30:40,470 --> 00:30:37,960 allow corrective optics to the lake path 675 00:30:44,010 --> 00:30:40,480 coming in to be passed along to the 676 00:30:46,530 --> 00:30:44,020 other estimates and not and we were 677 00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:46,540 successful in 1993 with that first 678 00:30:53,880 --> 00:30:50,290 servicing mission yet but we back at the 679 00:30:55,620 --> 00:30:53,890 time we launched in 1990 we didn't know 680 00:30:57,780 --> 00:30:55,630 how important that mission was going to 681 00:31:00,390 --> 00:30:57,790 be so you have a model there right next 682 00:31:02,730 --> 00:31:00,400 to you of the Hubble where was co-star 683 00:31:08,100 --> 00:31:02,740 placed you say in the light path where 684 00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:08,110 was it where does it put co-star what 685 00:31:13,710 --> 00:31:10,810 well first off there are Bay these big 686 00:31:18,320 --> 00:31:13,720 doors that open up so the astronauts can 687 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:18,330 access for axial mission actual axial 688 00:31:24,480 --> 00:31:21,010 scientific instruments so this 689 00:31:27,540 --> 00:31:24,490 particular bay door here is where 690 00:31:29,700 --> 00:31:27,550 co-star was we had sacrificed the 691 00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:29,710 original instrument so I was gonna ask 692 00:31:33,060 --> 00:31:31,690 you how'd you find space for it okay so 693 00:31:35,220 --> 00:31:33,070 you took something out to put the 694 00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:35,230 hammock yeah any extra there's a 695 00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:37,570 question on the on Twitter right now 696 00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:39,690 from Daniel Fisher about this is that 697 00:31:44,610 --> 00:31:42,490 Hubble's high-speed photometer never got 698 00:31:50,940 --> 00:31:44,620 a chance and had to go for co-star why 699 00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:50,950 do we never fly one again but this all 700 00:31:57,600 --> 00:31:54,090 has to do with scientific importance and 701 00:32:00,510 --> 00:31:57,610 decisions as time went on as we were 702 00:32:03,570 --> 00:32:00,520 leading up to nineteen ninety three the 703 00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:03,580 scientists had to make a decision as to 704 00:32:08,430 --> 00:32:06,370 which instrument could be sacrificed so 705 00:32:11,250 --> 00:32:08,440 that we could correct every other xeo 706 00:32:13,850 --> 00:32:11,260 instrument yeah I think what it amounts 707 00:32:16,680 --> 00:32:13,860 to is that the high-speed photometer 708 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:16,690 although very doing important science 709 00:32:21,900 --> 00:32:19,210 was the least use of the scientific 710 00:32:24,150 --> 00:32:21,910 instruments and you know if you were 711 00:32:26,010 --> 00:32:24,160 forced to get rid of something you know 712 00:32:28,530 --> 00:32:26,020 the best thing to do is to go with the 713 00:32:29,940 --> 00:32:28,540 one that was being least productive out 714 00:32:32,700 --> 00:32:29,950 of the crew it was a painful decision 715 00:32:34,320 --> 00:32:32,710 for everybody to make yeah but 716 00:32:36,299 --> 00:32:34,330 seemed to be the right thing to do and 717 00:32:37,769 --> 00:32:36,309 to answer your question about why it 718 00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:37,779 wasn't flown again or a similar 719 00:32:42,110 --> 00:32:40,450 instrument every time we put a new set 720 00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:42,120 of instruments up we had a competition 721 00:32:48,510 --> 00:32:45,490 where various groups in the astronomical 722 00:32:52,110 --> 00:32:48,520 new era would get together and propose 723 00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:52,120 new instruments and it's just a Fatah 724 00:32:57,600 --> 00:32:54,250 meter never rose to the top again in 725 00:32:58,980 --> 00:32:57,610 that very very strict competition very 726 00:33:04,200 --> 00:32:58,990 heavy competition there were always 727 00:33:08,490 --> 00:33:04,210 newer and better ideas will wanted to 728 00:33:10,470 --> 00:33:08,500 invest okay well I don't want to go over 729 00:33:12,529 --> 00:33:10,480 all the details of every servicing 730 00:33:17,519 --> 00:33:12,539 mission but I would like to ask you uh 731 00:33:19,350 --> 00:33:17,529 either us or can I sister r us actually 732 00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:19,360 lunging servicing mission ever done on 733 00:33:28,430 --> 00:33:22,690 the Hubble Space Telescope are was it 734 00:33:34,409 --> 00:33:28,440 the latest one what was the hardest did 735 00:33:37,289 --> 00:33:34,419 overall mr. instrument hello I'm sorry 736 00:33:40,230 --> 00:33:37,299 are you good we were frozen hello we are 737 00:33:44,310 --> 00:33:40,240 preferred so good to answer both 738 00:33:46,649 --> 00:33:44,320 questions my question was oh okay yeah 739 00:33:48,480 --> 00:33:46,659 most complicated instrument and most 740 00:33:53,490 --> 00:33:48,490 complicated mission both of those who 741 00:34:01,310 --> 00:33:53,500 have interests right okay complicated 742 00:34:04,200 --> 00:34:01,320 instructions were probably stiff and 743 00:34:06,090 --> 00:34:04,210 power control unit and for different 744 00:34:10,409 --> 00:34:06,100 reasons what's the app the power control 745 00:34:14,389 --> 00:34:10,419 yet without an acronym this disk space 746 00:34:17,129 --> 00:34:14,399 telescope tell us what this is I'm sorry 747 00:34:21,510 --> 00:34:17,139 tell you break it up space telescope 748 00:34:28,859 --> 00:34:21,520 imaging system yeah so are you we all 749 00:34:32,970 --> 00:34:28,869 are i think and pc you is power the pad 750 00:34:35,599 --> 00:34:32,980 our control that was very critical 751 00:34:38,820 --> 00:34:35,609 because for the first time in his life 752 00:34:42,690 --> 00:34:38,830 we have had to completely found the 753 00:34:46,919 --> 00:34:42,700 power or to the telescope so i think a 754 00:34:53,230 --> 00:34:46,929 lot of us we're not breathing for a long 755 00:35:00,170 --> 00:34:57,139 the power control unit was in the sub 3 756 00:35:05,450 --> 00:35:00,180 b's i was two thousand two ish i'll try 757 00:35:08,300 --> 00:35:05,460 be yes and then first time the power had 758 00:35:11,290 --> 00:35:08,310 been shut down it was a tricky task as 759 00:35:14,240 --> 00:35:11,300 far as the astronauts were concerned 760 00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:14,250 because we had 30 some connectors to 761 00:35:20,180 --> 00:35:17,970 take off temporarily store and then get 762 00:35:22,240 --> 00:35:20,190 back on and get back on so that the 763 00:35:26,420 --> 00:35:22,250 electrical connections were made and 764 00:35:28,790 --> 00:35:26,430 then I had to turn the power back on 765 00:35:31,880 --> 00:35:28,800 since power had never been turned off it 766 00:35:34,220 --> 00:35:31,890 had never been turned back on so those 767 00:35:38,510 --> 00:35:34,230 of us on the ground and the astronauts 768 00:35:42,140 --> 00:35:38,520 up there had a sigh of relief and proud 769 00:35:45,890 --> 00:35:42,150 accomplishment that it worked fine I can 770 00:35:48,650 --> 00:35:45,900 back around the sm to time i should i 771 00:35:51,530 --> 00:35:48,660 tell me you will never be able to change 772 00:35:54,710 --> 00:35:51,540 out that power control unit it was one 773 00:35:56,870 --> 00:35:54,720 of the units on hubble that wasn't ever 774 00:36:00,260 --> 00:35:56,880 thought we'd be back in there to want 775 00:36:04,130 --> 00:36:00,270 anything with that and there were other 776 00:36:07,550 --> 00:36:04,140 things on how old it for us for reasons 777 00:36:09,770 --> 00:36:07,560 that make sense you just couldn't change 778 00:36:11,480 --> 00:36:09,780 out power control unit was one of them 779 00:36:15,020 --> 00:36:11,490 the astronaut told me he'd never be able 780 00:36:18,350 --> 00:36:15,030 to do it uh it essentially set up set up 781 00:36:22,130 --> 00:36:18,360 a challenge to us and guess what from sm 782 00:36:26,270 --> 00:36:22,140 2 up the sm-3 be we figured out a way to 783 00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:26,280 do it and the astronauts did it power 784 00:36:32,300 --> 00:36:29,330 came back on how was still working yeah 785 00:36:34,160 --> 00:36:32,310 wow so i did none that so the power 786 00:36:39,410 --> 00:36:34,170 control unit just was never thought to a 787 00:36:43,370 --> 00:36:39,420 new he deserves why was that well the 788 00:36:45,050 --> 00:36:43,380 people time first off it wouldn't be a 789 00:36:51,860 --> 00:36:45,060 requirement that everything had to be 790 00:36:54,710 --> 00:36:51,870 replaceable um and looked at fault tree 791 00:36:57,350 --> 00:36:54,720 analysis determined that there's 792 00:37:01,070 --> 00:36:57,360 probably chance that that whole unit 793 00:37:04,310 --> 00:37:01,080 would ever have to be replaced so it was 794 00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:04,320 on the list of things that did 795 00:37:09,590 --> 00:37:06,570 necessarily was not 796 00:37:14,030 --> 00:37:09,600 expected to be replaced it certainly 797 00:37:18,050 --> 00:37:14,040 could be but and we did hope sent and 798 00:37:21,110 --> 00:37:18,060 the mounting structure and all those 799 00:37:24,290 --> 00:37:21,120 electrical connections sure we could do 800 00:37:26,450 --> 00:37:24,300 it but it was a very tight space it was 801 00:37:28,460 --> 00:37:26,460 not an easy task either designing it on 802 00:37:30,890 --> 00:37:28,470 the ground designing the replacement all 803 00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:30,900 of them and training the astronauts and 804 00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:33,930 having them do it on spec in space so 805 00:37:39,110 --> 00:37:36,930 Russ I mean in your story you talk about 806 00:37:41,510 --> 00:37:39,120 how you figure out how I mean this is 807 00:37:44,600 --> 00:37:41,520 required tools astronauts can't just 808 00:37:47,390 --> 00:37:44,610 take it after swim fins replace the 809 00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:47,400 power unit requires very specialized 810 00:37:53,030 --> 00:37:51,210 tools talk about that a little well 811 00:37:56,210 --> 00:37:53,040 everything we did had it had a 812 00:37:59,840 --> 00:37:56,220 requirement for either replacement kind 813 00:38:01,910 --> 00:37:59,850 of repair and as you mentioned you just 814 00:38:05,270 --> 00:38:01,920 can't take up normal will totally 815 00:38:09,020 --> 00:38:05,280 everything we took up heading for Hubble 816 00:38:12,230 --> 00:38:09,030 missions had to be specially designed to 817 00:38:16,790 --> 00:38:12,240 consider safety being able to complete 818 00:38:19,790 --> 00:38:16,800 the mission successfully and and the 819 00:38:21,770 --> 00:38:19,800 materials in the environment so there 820 00:38:24,170 --> 00:38:21,780 wasn't any grease that would be out 821 00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:24,180 guessing at the time there weren't sharp 822 00:38:30,770 --> 00:38:27,810 edges it had to withstand the changes in 823 00:38:32,780 --> 00:38:30,780 temperature and in the case pro unit 824 00:38:35,810 --> 00:38:32,790 with all those electrical connectors on 825 00:38:37,670 --> 00:38:35,820 it big circular connectors we had to 826 00:38:41,150 --> 00:38:37,680 make sure we did neither put too much 827 00:38:44,150 --> 00:38:41,160 torque or too little torque either in 828 00:38:46,690 --> 00:38:44,160 removing or replacing so we had all 829 00:38:49,340 --> 00:38:46,700 those challenges to make certain that 830 00:38:51,350 --> 00:38:49,350 mechanically and electrically it could 831 00:38:54,530 --> 00:38:51,360 be the old one could be taken out the 832 00:38:57,140 --> 00:38:54,540 new one could be put in and it worked 833 00:38:59,270 --> 00:38:57,150 afterwards my favorite about that on 834 00:39:01,910 --> 00:38:59,280 this topic is was with SM for when they 835 00:39:03,110 --> 00:39:01,920 had a design that's been I guess it John 836 00:39:06,110 --> 00:39:03,120 Grunsfeld had to used they were 837 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:06,120 unscrewing all these screws and so to in 838 00:39:09,380 --> 00:39:08,010 so to get all of those screws off 839 00:39:10,850 --> 00:39:09,390 without them floating around and 840 00:39:13,100 --> 00:39:10,860 becoming their own little satellites 841 00:39:15,590 --> 00:39:13,110 they designed this thing that look like 842 00:39:17,510 --> 00:39:15,600 a tackle box and you you screw through 843 00:39:20,120 --> 00:39:17,520 you you operated the screwdriver and 844 00:39:21,320 --> 00:39:20,130 screws and nuts or whatever they were 845 00:39:22,910 --> 00:39:21,330 I'll into their so they could they 846 00:39:25,780 --> 00:39:22,920 wouldn't be lost I thought that was my 847 00:39:27,830 --> 00:39:25,790 that was clever I thought this was good 848 00:39:31,490 --> 00:39:27,840 that was going to be the second answer 849 00:39:34,130 --> 00:39:31,500 to my question they said this did to 850 00:39:40,910 --> 00:39:34,140 your question this disrepair that we did 851 00:39:42,920 --> 00:39:40,920 in sm 4 in 2009 and that we always plan 852 00:39:45,110 --> 00:39:42,930 for a nominal operation and nominal 853 00:39:46,900 --> 00:39:45,120 operation for that was to have this big 854 00:39:49,910 --> 00:39:46,910 blue plate that you're talking about 855 00:39:55,910 --> 00:39:49,920 donec and a special tool that we built 856 00:39:58,340 --> 00:39:55,920 to be able to have have that with it say 857 00:40:01,310 --> 00:39:58,350 a screwdriver bit go in for all the 858 00:40:05,380 --> 00:40:01,320 different fasteners and there were over 859 00:40:13,070 --> 00:40:05,390 100 teen fasteners or so washers 860 00:40:24,090 --> 00:40:19,260 sleep oh look you mentioned it hey there 861 00:40:28,880 --> 00:40:24,100 it is to reach through each one of these 862 00:40:33,090 --> 00:40:28,890 opening count the fastener watch 863 00:40:35,940 --> 00:40:33,100 whatever was with it and essentially we 864 00:40:37,980 --> 00:40:35,950 made a sandwich we designed this so it 865 00:40:39,720 --> 00:40:37,990 would be bolted to the plate that we're 866 00:40:43,710 --> 00:40:39,730 trying to take off to get to a circuit 867 00:40:46,410 --> 00:40:43,720 board on hub so in that sandwich we had 868 00:40:49,320 --> 00:40:46,420 this outer plate there are cavities in 869 00:40:52,650 --> 00:40:49,330 between here so as each faster came out 870 00:40:54,660 --> 00:40:52,660 it floated with in that cavity and they 871 00:40:58,740 --> 00:40:54,670 went through with proper tools that were 872 00:41:00,930 --> 00:40:58,750 needed got all of those off and then 873 00:41:04,290 --> 00:41:00,940 this whole sandwich of this special 874 00:41:06,330 --> 00:41:04,300 plate that we designed and they the 875 00:41:09,930 --> 00:41:06,340 plate on hole that we're trying to get 876 00:41:12,690 --> 00:41:09,940 to behind it or bolted together and that 877 00:41:20,360 --> 00:41:12,700 the actual one is the one you were used 878 00:41:23,070 --> 00:41:20,370 uh truth in it ever tell you this is an 879 00:41:25,550 --> 00:41:23,080 engineering unit that we used in neutral 880 00:41:28,920 --> 00:41:25,560 buoyancy testing and training the extra 881 00:41:30,270 --> 00:41:28,930 but with our video connection you 882 00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:30,280 probably wouldn't tell the difference 883 00:41:35,370 --> 00:41:32,500 but they are the actual flight hardware 884 00:41:38,070 --> 00:41:35,380 in this total thank you for your honesty 885 00:41:41,730 --> 00:41:38,080 you know what so that we had when we got 886 00:41:45,420 --> 00:41:41,740 it back on go ahead and finish sorry the 887 00:41:47,430 --> 00:41:45,430 first thing we did I'm sorry I'm sorry 888 00:41:49,500 --> 00:41:47,440 tiny go ahead no I was telling you to go 889 00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:49,510 ahead I we're all cutting out now oh 890 00:41:54,840 --> 00:41:53,050 okay the first thing we did was to count 891 00:41:57,180 --> 00:41:54,850 all those fasteners said that none would 892 00:42:00,000 --> 00:41:57,190 be floating loose floating back down the 893 00:42:03,210 --> 00:42:00,010 barrel the telescope and they were all 894 00:42:06,570 --> 00:42:03,220 there so this was the type of design we 895 00:42:09,570 --> 00:42:06,580 had to go through to have a specialized 896 00:42:12,660 --> 00:42:09,580 design and design this on the ground it 897 00:42:14,370 --> 00:42:12,670 has to fit up there and and we went back 898 00:42:17,640 --> 00:42:14,380 through the drawings & and the 899 00:42:19,590 --> 00:42:17,650 photographs to be able to tell all these 900 00:42:22,650 --> 00:42:19,600 dimensions that we have on this to make 901 00:42:24,420 --> 00:42:22,660 it work properly so this believes me to 902 00:42:25,530 --> 00:42:24,430 my next question which is 903 00:42:26,850 --> 00:42:25,540 when you guys are when you're working 904 00:42:29,460 --> 00:42:26,860 through these procedures for how to 905 00:42:33,960 --> 00:42:29,470 repair things on Hubble you have a full 906 00:42:35,910 --> 00:42:33,970 mock-up of Hubble around and you said in 907 00:42:39,630 --> 00:42:35,920 the neutral buoyancy tank right is it 908 00:42:42,050 --> 00:42:39,640 and then you practice your rehearsals 909 00:42:45,300 --> 00:42:42,060 there correct in assuming that's what 910 00:42:49,230 --> 00:42:45,310 one thing we do we have low scale 911 00:42:51,660 --> 00:42:49,240 mock-ups that we put in the water 6.2 912 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:51,670 million gallon swimming pool essentially 913 00:42:58,410 --> 00:42:54,130 down at Johnson Space Center in Houston 914 00:43:01,440 --> 00:42:58,420 Texas the astronauts go in on old suits 915 00:43:07,380 --> 00:43:01,450 uh we take advantage of neutral buoyancy 916 00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:07,390 we give them the Tauri underwater and we 917 00:43:13,110 --> 00:43:11,290 go in on scuba and make sure that we 918 00:43:15,930 --> 00:43:13,120 know what they're doing and that they're 919 00:43:18,510 --> 00:43:15,940 doing the things that will link to a 920 00:43:20,340 --> 00:43:18,520 successful change out right okay so 921 00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:20,350 we're getting close to the end of the 922 00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:21,610 hanging out here I want to get to some 923 00:43:26,610 --> 00:43:24,010 questions on the Q&A app Cecil Morgan is 924 00:43:29,610 --> 00:43:26,620 asking wasn't HST originally designed to 925 00:43:31,470 --> 00:43:29,620 be brought back to ground by shuttle for 926 00:43:35,310 --> 00:43:31,480 servicing I can do you have any comment 927 00:43:38,930 --> 00:43:35,320 on that yeah that was the the concept of 928 00:43:42,060 --> 00:43:38,940 thought it would might be Rock every 929 00:43:47,040 --> 00:43:42,070 read if I guess fixed up on the ground 930 00:43:50,010 --> 00:43:47,050 and sent back into orbit happen ended up 931 00:43:55,890 --> 00:43:50,020 not doing that for a couple reasons 932 00:43:59,900 --> 00:43:55,900 women that's not doing that uh-uh it is 933 00:44:05,940 --> 00:44:02,880 yeah I know we all are no I can't hear 934 00:44:08,130 --> 00:44:05,950 you I ribes I was asking you I was 935 00:44:10,470 --> 00:44:08,140 asking you why why that it didn't end up 936 00:44:11,940 --> 00:44:10,480 happening I was just I was just asking 937 00:44:14,850 --> 00:44:11,950 why that didn't end up happening that 938 00:44:16,830 --> 00:44:14,860 way well right and the end of people 939 00:44:18,540 --> 00:44:16,840 thought it would be actually too 940 00:44:20,880 --> 00:44:18,550 complicated and too expensive to bring 941 00:44:23,370 --> 00:44:20,890 the telescope down refurbish it and 942 00:44:25,650 --> 00:44:23,380 sending send it up there was a lot of 943 00:44:27,690 --> 00:44:25,660 concern about possible contamination as 944 00:44:29,790 --> 00:44:27,700 the telescope was back down to the 945 00:44:31,860 --> 00:44:29,800 ground there'd be in addition to the 946 00:44:34,110 --> 00:44:31,870 chemical contamination you have a lot of 947 00:44:36,480 --> 00:44:34,120 forces exerted on the telescope during 948 00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:36,490 reentry and relaunched and the ability 949 00:44:38,279 --> 00:44:37,930 the possibility that you'd shake things 950 00:44:41,370 --> 00:44:38,289 apart 951 00:44:43,549 --> 00:44:41,380 mine in the end do more damage than he 952 00:44:45,989 --> 00:44:43,559 would gain advantage so that ear of 953 00:44:47,669 --> 00:44:45,999 servicing and orbit sidesteps the 954 00:44:50,279 --> 00:44:47,679 contamination issue to a large degree 955 00:44:54,029 --> 00:44:50,289 and the additional stresses from launch 956 00:44:55,229 --> 00:44:54,039 so there were also concerns that landing 957 00:44:56,849 --> 00:44:55,239 with the telescope in the back of the 958 00:45:01,199 --> 00:44:56,859 shuttle could be very dangerous or you 959 00:45:04,650 --> 00:45:01,209 had a unusually sharp deceleration of 960 00:45:06,150 --> 00:45:04,660 the shuttle landing at the airport that 961 00:45:09,719 --> 00:45:06,160 the whole telescope might just come 962 00:45:12,630 --> 00:45:09,729 through the crew bay and desirable event 963 00:45:14,489 --> 00:45:12,640 as well the whole pile of reasons while 964 00:45:16,319 --> 00:45:14,499 we thought well you know it sounded good 965 00:45:18,380 --> 00:45:16,329 on paper but it would be much better if 966 00:45:20,699 --> 00:45:18,390 we just serviced in orbit and the 967 00:45:22,529 --> 00:45:20,709 techniques for doing that in orbit came 968 00:45:24,630 --> 00:45:22,539 along quickly enough that they were 969 00:45:26,400 --> 00:45:24,640 rapidly adopted and we switched to the 970 00:45:30,209 --> 00:45:26,410 bus service in orbit every three to five 971 00:45:34,259 --> 00:45:30,219 years ok so there's another reason from 972 00:45:37,829 --> 00:45:34,269 from an EV a viewpoint we we added solar 973 00:45:39,989 --> 00:45:37,839 rays that no longer would allow the 974 00:45:43,349 --> 00:45:39,999 telescope to fit in the shuttle that's 975 00:45:46,499 --> 00:45:43,359 right we also put panels on the outside 976 00:45:50,370 --> 00:45:46,509 for thermal control we put things inside 977 00:45:52,679 --> 00:45:50,380 and it would probably take in two or 978 00:45:55,529 --> 00:45:52,689 three trips of a shuttle to go up to 979 00:45:58,409 --> 00:45:55,539 bring back all the pieces that yeah 980 00:46:01,499 --> 00:45:58,419 that's it's not very efficient I guess 981 00:46:04,259 --> 00:46:01,509 so I did we would have loved to have it 982 00:46:06,299 --> 00:46:04,269 brought back and we could go down to DC 983 00:46:09,959 --> 00:46:06,309 and see it in the Smithsonian but that 984 00:46:12,209 --> 00:46:09,969 that was not a practical way to do it 985 00:46:14,489 --> 00:46:12,219 that's too bad it really is now this 986 00:46:16,079 --> 00:46:14,499 isn't directly related to Hubble but did 987 00:46:18,359 --> 00:46:16,089 I think your shuttle was pretty much 988 00:46:19,649 --> 00:46:18,369 designed to land without anything in the 989 00:46:22,559 --> 00:46:19,659 cargo bay wasn't it let me do but it 990 00:46:23,849 --> 00:46:22,569 didn't ever land full of stuff the unit 991 00:46:25,649 --> 00:46:23,859 does anybody know I mean it's not a 992 00:46:29,130 --> 00:46:25,659 Hubble question for exactly but I'm just 993 00:46:30,630 --> 00:46:29,140 curious well ldf didn't it long duration 994 00:46:32,579 --> 00:46:30,640 facility I think came back in the 995 00:46:34,499 --> 00:46:32,589 initial did it okay okay i wasn't i 996 00:46:36,359 --> 00:46:34,509 don't i don't recall that that's 997 00:46:37,949 --> 00:46:36,369 probably not nearly as heavy or as dense 998 00:46:40,589 --> 00:46:37,959 as some would have been because it was 999 00:46:42,630 --> 00:46:40,599 basically a an outer shell with samples 1000 00:46:44,909 --> 00:46:42,640 of material all around the periphery but 1001 00:46:46,769 --> 00:46:44,919 but remember for servicing missions they 1002 00:46:50,039 --> 00:46:46,779 take instruments up and they take stuff 1003 00:46:52,320 --> 00:46:50,049 out look so it's never coming back empty 1004 00:46:53,730 --> 00:46:52,330 from a certain equipment 1005 00:46:55,020 --> 00:46:53,740 right yeah as a matter of fact a number 1006 00:46:58,350 --> 00:46:55,030 of those instruments are down in the 1007 00:47:01,950 --> 00:46:58,360 Smithsonian for jobs to do and say hi as 1008 00:47:06,030 --> 00:47:01,960 well as well as co-star which you to see 1009 00:47:10,080 --> 00:47:06,040 the correction that we may in 1993 with 1010 00:47:11,940 --> 00:47:10,090 the corrective optics so Eamonn Fenton 1011 00:47:13,950 --> 00:47:11,950 on the Q&A app as asking an interesting 1012 00:47:15,870 --> 00:47:13,960 question would it not be a future option 1013 00:47:18,420 --> 00:47:15,880 to have multiple smaller aperture 1014 00:47:19,920 --> 00:47:18,430 telescopes like Hubble acting like an 1015 00:47:21,720 --> 00:47:19,930 interferometer rather than a single 1016 00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:21,730 larger telescope like James wow that's 1017 00:47:26,640 --> 00:47:24,010 an interesting idea sort of a series or 1018 00:47:28,290 --> 00:47:26,650 a network of telescopes pointing up in 1019 00:47:31,620 --> 00:47:28,300 orbit what do you think of that Kenneth 1020 00:47:33,150 --> 00:47:31,630 what 61 read my webpage I've actually 1021 00:47:36,170 --> 00:47:33,160 worked tonight dear called stellar 1022 00:47:39,300 --> 00:47:36,180 imager which was exactly that basically 1023 00:47:41,190 --> 00:47:39,310 31 meter mirrors working together in 1024 00:47:43,530 --> 00:47:41,200 space all pointing at the same target at 1025 00:47:46,230 --> 00:47:43,540 the same time and focusing light onto a 1026 00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:46,240 central hub and you could indeed it 1027 00:47:50,040 --> 00:47:48,010 would be kind of like a James Webb which 1028 00:47:52,650 --> 00:47:50,050 already has segments but separating them 1029 00:47:54,300 --> 00:47:52,660 out over much longer baseline so instead 1030 00:47:56,490 --> 00:47:54,310 of having a six and a half meter 1031 00:47:59,040 --> 00:47:56,500 diameter you might have a virtual mirror 1032 00:48:01,110 --> 00:47:59,050 that could be 500 meters or a kilometer 1033 00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:01,120 in diameter with a lot of open spaces 1034 00:48:04,530 --> 00:48:03,010 between it but you would observe an 1035 00:48:08,250 --> 00:48:04,540 object and then move the mirrors around 1036 00:48:10,410 --> 00:48:08,260 and kind of fill in that virtual mirror 1037 00:48:12,330 --> 00:48:10,420 and get the resolving power on the sky 1038 00:48:15,300 --> 00:48:12,340 of something a kilometer in diameter 1039 00:48:16,710 --> 00:48:15,310 instead of six or 10 meters and that 1040 00:48:19,050 --> 00:48:16,720 something like that would actually allow 1041 00:48:21,060 --> 00:48:19,060 you to resolve features on the surfaces 1042 00:48:23,310 --> 00:48:21,070 of other stars you can see spots and 1043 00:48:25,260 --> 00:48:23,320 flares just like you see on the Sun on 1044 00:48:29,370 --> 00:48:25,270 very distant stars if you had so I 1045 00:48:33,810 --> 00:48:29,380 diameter that's day going I don't winds 1046 00:48:35,760 --> 00:48:33,820 that lunch thing I guess I broke so you 1047 00:48:38,220 --> 00:48:35,770 know it's it's uh it's it's probably 1048 00:48:40,710 --> 00:48:38,230 decades off now we know how to do it but 1049 00:48:42,540 --> 00:48:40,720 it would be a tremendous technologies 1050 00:48:44,880 --> 00:48:42,550 development but it is possible there's 1051 00:48:46,590 --> 00:48:44,890 not a lot like something like that I 1052 00:48:47,430 --> 00:48:46,600 would totally love it okay Scott I might 1053 00:48:51,030 --> 00:48:47,440 could you have anything i'm missing 1054 00:48:53,520 --> 00:48:51,040 somewhere not that I'm seeing the ones 1055 00:48:57,390 --> 00:48:53,530 from Twitter are mainly just awesome 1056 00:49:02,730 --> 00:48:57,400 responses to demand to the demand option 1057 00:49:04,380 --> 00:49:02,740 for it so let's see here sand archons is 1058 00:49:05,870 --> 00:49:04,390 well my daughter is going to freak when 1059 00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:05,880 I relay this 1060 00:49:10,370 --> 00:49:08,010 yeah that would be an awesome job to 1061 00:49:12,590 --> 00:49:10,380 grow up to want to be I mean what 1062 00:49:14,090 --> 00:49:12,600 inspiring the use of the future like 1063 00:49:16,580 --> 00:49:14,100 what you wanna do I want to go man a 1064 00:49:18,500 --> 00:49:16,590 telescope in space that would yes I know 1065 00:49:21,380 --> 00:49:18,510 it would be a great job no question 1066 00:49:24,500 --> 00:49:21,390 about it well I I'm really sorry about 1067 00:49:26,300 --> 00:49:24,510 all the technical problems guys but this 1068 00:49:27,470 --> 00:49:26,310 will not be the only history hang out 1069 00:49:29,390 --> 00:49:27,480 that we do for Hubble cuz we just 1070 00:49:31,340 --> 00:49:29,400 touched the surface on this one so 1071 00:49:32,840 --> 00:49:31,350 hopefully the the technical issues won't 1072 00:49:34,190 --> 00:49:32,850 be around the next time and where I'm 1073 00:49:38,120 --> 00:49:34,200 going to invite both of these guys back 1074 00:49:39,620 --> 00:49:38,130 again and I also want to have a Caroline 1075 00:49:41,780 --> 00:49:39,630 I talked about this we also want to have 1076 00:49:43,250 --> 00:49:41,790 a hangout that's dedicated to the nuts 1077 00:49:46,220 --> 00:49:43,260 and bolts of Hubble you know how do we 1078 00:49:47,480 --> 00:49:46,230 actually operate it and so that's in the 1079 00:49:50,060 --> 00:49:47,490 pipeline to and hopefully these guys 1080 00:49:51,950 --> 00:49:50,070 will join us again for that I want to 1081 00:49:53,540 --> 00:49:51,960 ask this last question to all of you and 1082 00:49:56,840 --> 00:49:53,550 Scott that I'd like to get your feedback 1083 00:49:59,360 --> 00:49:56,850 your reaction to this too can you can 1084 00:50:01,340 --> 00:49:59,370 you give me can each of you give me some 1085 00:50:03,740 --> 00:50:01,350 comments on what Hubble the Hubble Space 1086 00:50:13,510 --> 00:50:03,750 Telescope has meant to you personally 1087 00:50:16,480 --> 00:50:13,520 and I'll start with you Carol really ok 1088 00:50:21,140 --> 00:50:16,490 well I came from the ground-based 1089 00:50:23,270 --> 00:50:21,150 astronomical community and we had some 1090 00:50:26,240 --> 00:50:23,280 pretty good instrumentation there and 1091 00:50:33,050 --> 00:50:26,250 did some interesting science I think the 1092 00:50:37,280 --> 00:50:33,060 Hubble then opens a lot of new areas of 1093 00:50:39,800 --> 00:50:37,290 study so technologically I think the 1094 00:50:42,650 --> 00:50:39,810 telescope is magnificent and astronomers 1095 00:50:44,930 --> 00:50:42,660 just just love it for the technology and 1096 00:50:47,900 --> 00:50:44,940 the amazing instrumentation on it and 1097 00:50:50,090 --> 00:50:47,910 the fact that you know every few years 1098 00:50:53,360 --> 00:50:50,100 it turned into a brand new telescope 1099 00:50:56,300 --> 00:50:53,370 somebody said these comment about oh you 1100 00:50:59,180 --> 00:50:56,310 know it's a you know 25 years old yeah 1101 00:51:01,340 --> 00:50:59,190 but the last servicing mission was 2009 1102 00:51:04,130 --> 00:51:01,350 so it's it's really a five year old 1103 00:51:07,250 --> 00:51:04,140 telescope so it's like fantastic and the 1104 00:51:10,460 --> 00:51:07,260 mirror is beautiful even though it's not 1105 00:51:12,830 --> 00:51:10,470 the perfect curvature the as rust talked 1106 00:51:15,290 --> 00:51:12,840 about the ingenuity of the instrument 1107 00:51:17,990 --> 00:51:15,300 building got around that and now we can 1108 00:51:19,880 --> 00:51:18,000 take full advantage of it I also think 1109 00:51:22,130 --> 00:51:19,890 that for Hubble the 1110 00:51:24,109 --> 00:51:22,140 changed a little bit the way people do 1111 00:51:26,150 --> 00:51:24,119 science the fact that we have large 1112 00:51:29,900 --> 00:51:26,160 groups they collaborate frontier fields 1113 00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:29,910 as an example of the field now all these 1114 00:51:35,140 --> 00:51:32,010 other telescopes are working together 1115 00:51:38,089 --> 00:51:35,150 people who are using kinds of facilities 1116 00:51:41,029 --> 00:51:38,099 to look at specific problems in 1117 00:51:43,640 --> 00:51:41,039 astronomy which we never did before so I 1118 00:51:45,980 --> 00:51:43,650 think it changed the culture of science 1119 00:51:48,529 --> 00:51:45,990 and it's just it's a magnificent that's 1120 00:51:49,880 --> 00:51:48,539 helped it's just fantastic thank you 1121 00:51:51,680 --> 00:51:49,890 Scott can you give us some personal 1122 00:51:53,329 --> 00:51:51,690 comments about what you know about what 1123 00:51:54,890 --> 00:51:53,339 it's meant for you yeah I mean it's 1124 00:51:57,890 --> 00:51:54,900 something that you and I have talked 1125 00:51:59,870 --> 00:51:57,900 about privately but you know I remember 1126 00:52:03,109 --> 00:51:59,880 when Hubble launched and it you know I 1127 00:52:07,579 --> 00:52:03,119 was fairly young at the time we're for 1128 00:52:11,480 --> 00:52:07,589 sniper right young whippersnapper but so 1129 00:52:13,579 --> 00:52:11,490 seeing and being excited about it uh and 1130 00:52:15,859 --> 00:52:13,589 seeing you know the the beautiful images 1131 00:52:18,680 --> 00:52:15,869 have come down over time as I've grown 1132 00:52:22,400 --> 00:52:18,690 up to really appreciate science and 1133 00:52:24,230 --> 00:52:22,410 astronomy MIT and as it's become a more 1134 00:52:26,930 --> 00:52:24,240 important part of my life now to the 1135 00:52:29,420 --> 00:52:26,940 point where I'm working help telling the 1136 00:52:31,039 --> 00:52:29,430 story of a bubble through Hubble 1137 00:52:32,690 --> 00:52:31,049 hangouts it really means a lot to me 1138 00:52:34,670 --> 00:52:32,700 personally that I'm able to get back in 1139 00:52:38,720 --> 00:52:34,680 this way because it has really inspired 1140 00:52:41,509 --> 00:52:38,730 me to learn more about our universe and 1141 00:52:44,089 --> 00:52:41,519 being able to share that with with 1142 00:52:45,950 --> 00:52:44,099 people that's really how it affected me 1143 00:52:47,420 --> 00:52:45,960 if watching the servicing missions and 1144 00:52:50,089 --> 00:52:47,430 learning more and seeing a lot of the 1145 00:52:52,039 --> 00:52:50,099 the the ultra deep field limits and 1146 00:52:53,990 --> 00:52:52,049 learning more and being able to share 1147 00:52:57,799 --> 00:52:54,000 that with with more and more people and 1148 00:52:59,269 --> 00:52:57,809 now even in a larger scope now doing 1149 00:53:01,730 --> 00:52:59,279 with double hangouts so it's something 1150 00:53:04,190 --> 00:53:01,740 that's really really inspired me and 1151 00:53:05,390 --> 00:53:04,200 many different ways love it good and 1152 00:53:06,829 --> 00:53:05,400 you're doing great with the Hubble 1153 00:53:08,809 --> 00:53:06,839 hangouts to it we could imagine doing 1154 00:53:11,029 --> 00:53:08,819 these without you so I rest you got any 1155 00:53:15,499 --> 00:53:11,039 comments on I'm from a personal nature 1156 00:53:18,220 --> 00:53:15,509 on the Hubble well Hubble weren't 1157 00:53:21,819 --> 00:53:18,230 working on Hubble from the eda viewpoint 1158 00:53:26,779 --> 00:53:21,829 I personally have tremendous pride in 1159 00:53:28,849 --> 00:53:26,789 how it has resulted that you can talk to 1160 00:53:32,240 --> 00:53:28,859 almost anybody they know a little bit 1161 00:53:33,230 --> 00:53:32,250 about Hubble ah the tremendous 1162 00:53:37,609 --> 00:53:33,240 accomplished 1163 00:53:40,990 --> 00:53:37,619 that it has made and the images that it 1164 00:53:43,760 --> 00:53:41,000 brings back when I talk to school kids 1165 00:53:45,500 --> 00:53:43,770 their teachers don't like it but I tell 1166 00:53:49,160 --> 00:53:45,510 them to throw away their science books 1167 00:53:51,830 --> 00:53:49,170 they're astronomy get all of that and 1168 00:53:54,950 --> 00:53:51,840 then I so that I get invited back I have 1169 00:53:59,060 --> 00:53:54,960 to explain I just got your attention by 1170 00:54:02,510 --> 00:53:59,070 saying that don't you dare spines books 1171 00:54:06,800 --> 00:54:02,520 away the fact that it's made on science 1172 00:54:09,940 --> 00:54:06,810 and to be a small part of the team of 1173 00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:09,950 astronauts scientists engineers 1174 00:54:15,859 --> 00:54:13,410 technicians that nASA has put together 1175 00:54:19,220 --> 00:54:15,869 to do this I couldn't have asked for a 1176 00:54:21,950 --> 00:54:19,230 better job wonderful right now Ken I'll 1177 00:54:24,560 --> 00:54:21,960 leave that last word it's been a fun 1178 00:54:27,230 --> 00:54:24,570 ride you know who thought when I signed 1179 00:54:29,359 --> 00:54:27,240 on to this for a couple of years back in 1180 00:54:32,690 --> 00:54:29,369 the mid-80s that it would have gone on 1181 00:54:35,720 --> 00:54:32,700 so long it's a it's been a privilege to 1182 00:54:37,070 --> 00:54:35,730 be able to stay with this observatory 1183 00:54:39,770 --> 00:54:37,080 that's up the leading edge of science 1184 00:54:41,330 --> 00:54:39,780 and has been there continuously now for 1185 00:54:43,250 --> 00:54:41,340 25 years and that's only possible 1186 00:54:44,840 --> 00:54:43,260 because we were able to do the servicing 1187 00:54:46,660 --> 00:54:44,850 otherwise we wouldn't have been able to 1188 00:54:49,849 --> 00:54:46,670 stay ahead of advancements on the ground 1189 00:54:51,620 --> 00:54:49,859 but it's it's been a privilege to be 1190 00:54:53,840 --> 00:54:51,630 here and be involved and watch all of 1191 00:54:55,670 --> 00:54:53,850 the unexpected discoveries that were 1192 00:54:58,820 --> 00:54:55,680 made along with all the things that we 1193 00:55:01,280 --> 00:54:58,830 thought Hubble would be capable of doing 1194 00:55:03,290 --> 00:55:01,290 of helping to verify the accelerating 1195 00:55:05,420 --> 00:55:03,300 expansion of the universe which no one 1196 00:55:07,920 --> 00:55:05,430 in their right mind remotely she seemed 1197 00:55:10,320 --> 00:55:07,930 of back when we 1198 00:55:12,240 --> 00:55:10,330 we were watching comets collide in the 1199 00:55:14,160 --> 00:55:12,250 Jupiter's a whole string of things that 1200 00:55:15,360 --> 00:55:14,170 we didn't really anticipate and it's 1201 00:55:17,220 --> 00:55:15,370 been a whole lot of fun seeing them and 1202 00:55:19,770 --> 00:55:17,230 being able to observe them and actually 1203 00:55:21,180 --> 00:55:19,780 get real information out of them so 1204 00:55:23,430 --> 00:55:21,190 there's that and then there's just the 1205 00:55:26,910 --> 00:55:23,440 whole story of the lesson to be learned 1206 00:55:28,890 --> 00:55:26,920 from never giving up and you know being 1207 00:55:30,480 --> 00:55:28,900 up to overcome adversity first you had 1208 00:55:31,740 --> 00:55:30,490 the spherical aberration which looked 1209 00:55:33,990 --> 00:55:31,750 like it was going to kill the mission 1210 00:55:36,630 --> 00:55:34,000 that we bounced back from very rapidly 1211 00:55:39,690 --> 00:55:36,640 with a lot of talented people finding 1212 00:55:41,070 --> 00:55:39,700 the solution and then later on when the 1213 00:55:42,930 --> 00:55:41,080 last servicing mission looked like it 1214 00:55:45,090 --> 00:55:42,940 was cancelled and Hubble was going to 1215 00:55:48,570 --> 00:55:45,100 stop operating you know 2010 or 1216 00:55:50,640 --> 00:55:48,580 something we stuck with it found a way 1217 00:55:52,620 --> 00:55:50,650 to keep people employed and productive 1218 00:55:55,290 --> 00:55:52,630 until the decision got reversed and we 1219 00:55:56,700 --> 00:55:55,300 got the last mission in 2009 which now 1220 00:55:58,350 --> 00:55:56,710 looks critical for getting Hubble to 1221 00:56:04,710 --> 00:55:58,360 opera 1222 00:56:05,880 --> 00:56:04,720 James Webb Space Telescope I think it's 1223 00:56:11,430 --> 00:56:05,890 critical to have both of them up there 1224 00:56:13,500 --> 00:56:11,440 at the same time send the sky from the 1225 00:56:16,140 --> 00:56:13,510 far UV ultraviolet bluer than the eye 1226 00:56:18,330 --> 00:56:16,150 sees out to the far read that James Webb 1227 00:56:20,220 --> 00:56:18,340 will be able to detect well I couldn't 1228 00:56:23,280 --> 00:56:20,230 agree more in the public outcry from the 1229 00:56:25,500 --> 00:56:23,290 last supper Hubble mission servicing 1230 00:56:28,260 --> 00:56:25,510 mission was I was very humbling and I 1231 00:56:29,400 --> 00:56:28,270 was very amazing to watch the amount of 1232 00:56:33,390 --> 00:56:29,410 support that the Hubble Space Telescope 1233 00:56:35,070 --> 00:56:33,400 has for mine go ahead Tony I was just 1234 00:56:37,290 --> 00:56:35,080 going to say like this even we're 1235 00:56:40,770 --> 00:56:37,300 talking about this service mission back 1236 00:56:43,290 --> 00:56:40,780 in 2009 we're still putting out new 1237 00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:43,300 information we just released so that's 1238 00:56:49,170 --> 00:56:45,370 from today's press today's press release 1239 00:56:51,210 --> 00:56:49,180 I mean just is seeing the ghost to these 1240 00:56:52,950 --> 00:56:51,220 ghetto if you guys might go to a hubble 1241 00:56:55,050 --> 00:56:52,960 site that Oregon check out today's press 1242 00:56:56,160 --> 00:56:55,060 release with this brand new image that's 1243 00:56:58,740 --> 00:56:56,170 come out there and it's absolutely 1244 00:57:02,190 --> 00:56:58,750 fantastic it can it's because we've been 1245 00:57:05,100 --> 00:57:02,200 able to continue along and upgrade the 1246 00:57:08,250 --> 00:57:05,110 telescope and and and stay wanting to do 1247 00:57:10,260 --> 00:57:08,260 more science that were allowed to do 1248 00:57:12,960 --> 00:57:10,270 even more discoveries like these and 1249 00:57:14,550 --> 00:57:12,970 continue it going nice and I often 1250 00:57:17,130 --> 00:57:14,560 argued that the Hubble Space Telescope 1251 00:57:19,470 --> 00:57:17,140 is probably the most important 1252 00:57:21,060 --> 00:57:19,480 scientific instrument ever built since 1253 00:57:23,700 --> 00:57:21,070 the telescope from Galileo because I 1254 00:57:26,160 --> 00:57:23,710 don't think there's a single instrument 1255 00:57:28,200 --> 00:57:26,170 that has ever changed the course and the 1256 00:57:30,630 --> 00:57:28,210 way we look at the universe more then 1257 00:57:32,910 --> 00:57:30,640 that telescope has and so and it has 1258 00:57:34,440 --> 00:57:32,920 literally changed my life I can I can 1259 00:57:35,880 --> 00:57:34,450 trace a path from the first time I ever 1260 00:57:39,000 --> 00:57:35,890 watched the Hubble Deep Field in my 1261 00:57:40,440 --> 00:57:39,010 career to here and it has been so Hubble 1262 00:57:42,510 --> 00:57:40,450 has been an intimate part of my life 1263 00:57:44,940 --> 00:57:42,520 ever since I first saw that first deep 1264 00:57:46,440 --> 00:57:44,950 field in the mid 90s well folks I want 1265 00:57:48,030 --> 00:57:46,450 to thank everybody I'm sorry about the 1266 00:57:50,220 --> 00:57:48,040 technical difficulties that's it for 1267 00:57:53,460 --> 00:57:50,230 this week though next week we are going 1268 00:57:55,950 --> 00:57:53,470 to have a hangout on the a on Hubble 1269 00:57:58,440 --> 00:57:55,960 observations which have been put 1270 00:58:02,370 --> 00:57:58,450 together that allowed astronomers to 1271 00:58:04,560 --> 00:58:02,380 make a thermal map of an exoplanet this 1272 00:58:05,820 --> 00:58:04,570 is the temperature variations across the 1273 00:58:08,040 --> 00:58:05,830 planet itself and we're going to have 1274 00:58:10,260 --> 00:58:08,050 the principal investigators involved in 1275 00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:10,270 that science next week so that's next 1276 00:58:13,920 --> 00:58:12,010 Thursday 3 p.m. 1277 00:58:16,200 --> 00:58:13,930 look forward to seeing you there Russ 1278 00:58:17,670 --> 00:58:16,210 can thank you very much this has been a 1279 00:58:18,930 --> 00:58:17,680 great hangout I hope you'll come back 1280 00:58:20,760 --> 00:58:18,940 and do another one with us because this 1281 00:58:23,010 --> 00:58:20,770 is we're not done we're not done with up 1282 00:58:25,380 --> 00:58:23,020 with the history of Hubble yet so I hope 1283 00:58:27,630 --> 00:58:25,390 you're awesome thank you both thank you 1284 00:58:29,580 --> 00:58:27,640 I don't understand it I want to have a 1285 00:58:32,970 --> 00:58:29,590 hangout from Russia's office I think 1286 00:58:35,820 --> 00:58:32,980 he's got a lot of cool all right what is 1287 00:58:44,040 --> 00:58:35,830 time oh look at this look at that what's 1288 00:58:52,230 --> 00:58:44,050 wrong yes all right so I'm having a 1289 00:58:54,840 --> 00:58:52,240 field trip from LA you're waking so glad 1290 00:58:57,300 --> 00:58:54,850 have this great room yeah thank you very 1291 00:58:59,940 --> 00:58:57,310 much everybody all right close yeah 1292 00:59:01,950 --> 00:58:59,950 that's it that's it for this week thank